Various skill-related functions. More...

#include "global.h"
#include <assert.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "living.h"
#include "object.h"
#include "shop.h"
#include "skills.h"
#include "spells.h"
#include "sproto.h"

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Macros
#define	WANT_UNARMED_SKILLS

Functions
static object *	adjust_skill_tool (object who, object skill, object *skill_tool)
	This returns specified skill if it can be used, potentially using tool to help. More...

static void	attack_hth (object pl, int dir, const char string, object *skill)
	This handles all hand-to-hand attacks. More...

static void	attack_melee_weapon (object op, int dir, const char string, object *skill)
	This handles melee weapon attacks -b.t. More...

int64_t	calc_skill_exp (const object who, const object op, const object *skill)
	Calculates amount of experience can be gained for successful use of a skill. More...

int	change_skill (object who, object new_skill, int flag)
	This changes the object's skill to new_skill. More...

void	clear_skill (object *who)
	This function just clears the chosen_skill and range_skill values in the player. More...

static int	clipped_percent (int64_t a, int64_t b)
	Gives a percentage clipped to 0% -> 100% of a/b. More...

int	do_skill (object op, object part, object skill, int dir, const char string)
	Main skills use function-similar in scope to cast_spell(). More...

static void	do_skill_attack (object tmp, object op, const char string, object skill)
	We have got an appropriate opponent from either move_player_attack() or skill_attack(). More...

static object *	find_best_player_hth_skill (object *op)
	Finds the best unarmed skill the player has, and returns it. More...

object *	find_skill_by_name (object who, const char name)
	This returns the skill pointer of the given name (the one that accumulates exp, has the level, etc). More...

object *	find_skill_by_number (object *who, int skillno)
	This returns the skill pointer of the given name (the one that accumulates exp, has the level, etc). More...

void	init_skills (void)
	This just sets up the skill_names table above. More...

int	learn_skill (object pl, object scroll)
	Player is trying to learn a skill. More...

void	link_player_skills (object *op)
	This function goes through the player inventory and sets up the last_skills[] array in the player object. More...

void	show_skills (object op, const char search)
	Displays a player's skill list, and some other non skill related info (god, max weapon improvements, item power). More...

void	skill_attack (object tmp, object pl, int dir, const char string, object skill)
	Core routine for use when we attack using a skills system. More...

int	use_skill (object op, const char string)
	Similar to invoke command, it executes the skill in the direction that the user is facing. More...

Variables
int	skill_faces [NUM_SKILLS]
	Will contain the face numbers for the skills, initialized by init_skill(). More...

const char *	skill_names [NUM_SKILLS]
	Will contain a number-name mapping for skills, initialized by init_skills(). More...

Detailed Description

Various skill-related functions.

Created July 95 to separate skill utilities from actual skills -b.t.

Reconfigured skills code to allow linking of skills to experience categories. This is done solely through the init_new_exp_system() fctn. June/July 1995 -b.t. thoma.nosp@m.s@as.nosp@m.tro.p.nosp@m.su.e.nosp@m.du

July 1995 - Initial associated skills coding. Experience gains come solely from the use of skills. Overcoming an opponent (in combat, finding/disarming a trap, stealing from somebeing, etc) gains experience. Calc_skill_exp() handles the gained experience using modifications in the skills[] table. - b.t.

Definition in file skill_util.c.

Macro Definition Documentation

#define WANT_UNARMED_SKILLS

Definition at line 35 of file skill_util.c.

Function Documentation

static object* adjust_skill_tool	(	object *	who,
		object *	skill,
		object *	skill_tool
	)

static

This returns specified skill if it can be used, potentially using tool to help.

Skill and tool can't be NULL at the same time.

Factored from find_skill_by_name() and find_skill_by_number().

The skill tool will be applied if not NULL, so the player can benefit from its bonuses.

Parameters

who	player trying to ready a skill.
skill	skill to ready. Can be NULL.
skill_tool	skill tool. Can be NULL.

Returns: skill object if it can be used, NULL else.

Note: clawing skill is special, as claws are declared as SKILLTOOL but shouldn't be applied.

Todo:: rewrite some.

Definition at line 151 of file skill_util.c.

References apply_special(), FLAG_APPLIED, FLAG_CAN_USE_SKILL, give_skill_by_name(), link_player_skills(), QUERY_FLAG, and obj::skill.

Referenced by find_skill_by_name(), and find_skill_by_number().

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static void attack_hth	(	object *	pl,
		int	dir,
		const char *	string,
		object *	skill
	)

static

This handles all hand-to-hand attacks.

Will unapply equipped weapons if needed.

July 5, 1995 - I broke up attack_hth() into 2 parts. In the first (attack_hth) we check for weapon use, etc in the second (the new function skill_attack() we actually attack.

Parameters

pl	object attacking.
dir	attack direction.
string	describes the attack ("claw", "punch", ...).
skill	attack skill used.

Definition at line 1309 of file skill_util.c.

References AP_NOPRINT, AP_UNAPPLY, apply_special(), draw_ext_info(), draw_ext_info_format(), FLAG_READY_WEAPON, MAX_BUF, MSG_TYPE_SKILL, MSG_TYPE_SKILL_ERROR, obj::name, NDI_UNIQUE, object_find_by_type_applied(), QUERY_FLAG, query_name(), skill_attack(), and WEAPON.

Referenced by do_skill().

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static void attack_melee_weapon	(	object *	op,
		int	dir,
		const char *	string,
		object *	skill
	)

static

This handles melee weapon attacks -b.t.

For now we are just checking to see if we have a ready weapon here. But there is a real neato possible feature of this scheme which bears mentioning: Since we are only calling this from do_skill() in the future we may make this routine handle 'special' melee weapons attacks (like disarming maneuver with sai) based on player SK_level and weapon type.

Parameters

op	living thing attacking.
dir	attack direction.
string	describes the attack ("claw", "punch", ...).
skill	attack skill used.

Definition at line 1353 of file skill_util.c.

References draw_ext_info(), FLAG_READY_WEAPON, MSG_TYPE_SKILL, MSG_TYPE_SKILL_ERROR, NDI_UNIQUE, PLAYER, QUERY_FLAG, skill_attack(), and obj::type.

Referenced by do_skill().

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int64_t calc_skill_exp	(	const object *	who,
		const object *	op,
		const object *	skill
	)

Calculates amount of experience can be gained for successful use of a skill.

Here we take the view that a player must 'overcome an opponent' in order to gain experience. Examples include foes killed combat, finding/disarming a trap, stealing from somebeing, etc.

The gained experience is based primarily on the difference in levels, exp point value of vanquished foe, the relevant stats of the skill being used and modifications in the skills[] table.

For now, monsters and players will be treated differently. Below I give the algorithm for *PLAYER *experience gain. Monster exp gain is simpler. Monsters just get 10% of the exp of the opponent.

Players get a ratio, eg, opponent lvl / player level. This is then multiplied by various things. If simple exp is true, then this multiplier, include the level difference, is always 1. This revised method prevents some cases where there are big gaps in the amount you get just because you are now equal level vs lower level

Parameters

who	player/creature that used the skill.
op	object that was 'defeated'.
skill	used skill. If none, it should just point back to who or be NULL.

Returns: experience for the skill use.

Definition at line 657 of file skill_util.c.

References obj::arch, liv::Cha, archt::clone, mapdef::difficulty, liv::exp, FLAG_ALIVE, obj::level, llevDebug, LOG(), obj::magic, obj::map, MAX, obj::name, PLAYER, QUERY_FLAG, RUNE, settings, Settings::simple_exp, SKILL, obj::stats, TRAP, and obj::type.

Referenced by book_type_apply(), detect_curse_on_item(), detect_magic_on_item(), do_hidden_move(), find_traps(), hide(), identify_object_with_skill(), kill_object(), pick_lock(), remove_trap(), scroll_type_apply(), singing(), spellbook_type_apply(), steal(), use_oratory(), and write_scroll().

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int change_skill	(	object *	who,
		object *	new_skill,
		int	flag
	)

This changes the object's skill to new_skill.

Note that this function doesn't always need to get used - you can now add skill exp to the player without the chosen_skill being set. This function is of most interest to players to update the various range information.

Parameters

who	living to change skill for.
new_skill	skill to use. If NULL, this just unapplies the current skill.
flag	has the current meaning: 0x1: If set, don't update the range pointer. This is useful when we need to ready a new skill, but don't want to clobber range.

Return values

0	change failure.
1	success

Definition at line 356 of file skill_util.c.

References AP_APPLY, AP_NOPRINT, AP_UNAPPLY, apply_special(), obj::chosen_skill, obj::contr, PLAYER, range_skill, pl::shoottype, obj::skill, and obj::type.

Referenced by apply_special(), cast_destruction(), cast_spell(), command_rskill(), and do_skill_attack().

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void clear_skill ( object * who )

This function just clears the chosen_skill and range_skill values in the player.

Parameters

who	living to clear.

Definition at line 395 of file skill_util.c.

References obj::chosen_skill, CLEAR_FLAG, obj::contr, FLAG_READY_SKILL, PLAYER, range_none, range_skill, pl::ranges, pl::shoottype, and obj::type.

Referenced by unapply_special().

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static int clipped_percent	(	int64_t	a,
		int64_t	b
	)

static

Gives a percentage clipped to 0% -> 100% of a/b.

Parameters

a	current value
b	max value

Returns: value between 0 and 100.

Todo:: Probably belongs in some global utils-type file?

Definition at line 804 of file skill_util.c.

Referenced by show_skills().

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int do_skill	(	object *	op,
		object *	part,
		object *	skill,
		int	dir,
		const char *	string
	)

Main skills use function-similar in scope to cast_spell().

We handle all requests for skill use outside of some combat here. We require a separate routine outside of fire() so as to allow monsters to utilize skills.

This is changed (2002-11-30) from the old method that returned exp - no caller needed that info, but it also prevented the callers from know if a skill was actually used, as many skills don't give any exp for their direct use (eg, throwing).

Gives experience if appropriate.

Parameters

op	The object actually using the skill
part	actual part using the skill, used by throwing for monsters
skill	The skill used by op
dir	The direction in which the skill is used
string	A parameter string, necessary to use some skills

Return values

0	skill failure.
1	use of the skill was successful.

Definition at line 428 of file skill_util.c.

References obj::anim_suffix, apply_anim_suffix(), attack_hth(), attack_melee_weapon(), change_exp(), obj::chosen_skill, CLEAR_FLAG, do_harvest(), draw_ext_info(), find_traps(), fix_object(), FLAG_APPLIED, give_skill_by_name(), hide(), jump(), llevDebug, LOG(), MAX_BUF, meditate(), MSG_TYPE_SKILL, MSG_TYPE_SKILL_ERROR, MSG_TYPE_SKILL_SUCCESS, NDI_UNIQUE, object_find_by_type_and_skill(), pick_lock(), PLAYER, pray(), QUERY_FLAG, query_name(), remove_trap(), SET_FLAG, shop_describe(), singing(), SK_AIR_MAGIC, SK_ALCHEMY, SK_BARGAINING, SK_BOWYER, SK_CLAWING, SK_CLIMBING, SK_DET_CURSE, SK_DET_MAGIC, SK_DISARM_TRAPS, SK_EARTH_MAGIC, SK_EVOCATION, SK_FIND_TRAPS, SK_FIRE_MAGIC, SK_FLAME_TOUCH, SK_HARVESTING, SK_HIDING, SK_INSCRIPTION, SK_JEWELER, SK_JUMPING, SK_KARATE, SK_LEVITATION, SK_LITERACY, SK_LOCKPICKING, SK_MEDITATION, SK_MISSILE_WEAPON, SK_ONE_HANDED_WEAPON, SK_ORATORY, SK_PRAYING, SK_PUNCHING, SK_PYROMANCY, SK_SET_TRAP, SK_SINGING, SK_SMITHERY, SK_SORCERY, SK_STEALING, SK_SUBTRACT_SKILL_EXP, SK_SUMMONING, SK_THAUMATURGY, SK_THROWING, SK_TWO_HANDED_WEAPON, SK_USE_MAGIC_ITEM, SK_WATER_MAGIC, SK_WOODSMAN, SK_WRAITH_FEED, SKILL, obj::skill, skill_ident(), skill_throw(), liv::sp, obj::speed_left, obj::stats, steal(), obj::subtype, obj::type, use_alchemy(), use_oratory(), and write_on_item().

Referenced by command_throw(), fire(), monster_use_skill(), player_attack_door(), and use_skill().

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static void do_skill_attack	(	object *	tmp,
		object *	op,
		const char *	string,
		object *	skill
	)

static

We have got an appropriate opponent from either move_player_attack() or skill_attack().

In this part we get on with attacking, take care of messages from the attack and changes in invisible.

Parameters

tmp	targeted monster.
op	what is attacking.
string	describes the damage ("claw", "punch", ...).
skill	skill used to damage.

Definition at line 1089 of file skill_util.c.

References attack_ob(), change_skill(), obj::chosen_skill, obj::contr, obj::current_weapon, draw_ext_info(), draw_ext_info_format(), find_best_player_hth_skill(), find_skill_by_name(), FLAG_FREED, FLAG_READY_WEAPON, obj::hide, obj::invisible, llevError, LOG(), MAX_BUF, MSG_TYPE_ATTACK, MSG_TYPE_ATTACK_DID_HIT, MSG_TYPE_ATTACK_MISS, MSG_TYPE_SKILL, MSG_TYPE_SKILL_ERROR, MSG_TYPE_SKILL_MISSING, MSG_TYPE_VICTIM, MSG_TYPE_VICTIM_WAS_HIT, obj::name, NDI_BLACK, NDI_UNIQUE, object_find_by_type_applied(), object_update(), PLAYER, QUERY_FLAG, query_name(), obj::skill, obj::subtype, pl::tmp_invis, obj::type, UP_OBJ_FACE, and WEAPON.

Referenced by skill_attack().

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static object* find_best_player_hth_skill ( object * op )

static

Finds the best unarmed skill the player has, and returns it.

Best can vary a little - we consider clawing to always be the best for dragons.

This could be more intelligent, eg, look at the skill level of the skill and go from there (eg, a level 40 puncher is is probably better than level 1 karate). OTOH, if you don't bother to set up your skill properly, that is the players problem (although, it might be nice to have a preferred skill field the player can set.

Unlike the old code, we don't give out any skills - it is possible you just don't have any ability to get into unarmed combat. If everyone race/class should have one, this should be handled in the starting treasurelists, not in the code.

Parameters

op	player to get skill for.

Returns: attack skill, NULL if no suitable found.

Definition at line 1000 of file skill_util.c.

References obj::contr, draw_ext_info_format(), find_skill_by_name(), find_skill_by_number(), FLAG_CAN_USE_SKILL, FOR_INV_FINISH, FOR_INV_PREPARE, is_dragon_pl(), MSG_TYPE_SKILL, MSG_TYPE_SKILL_MISSING, NDI_UNIQUE, QUERY_FLAG, SK_CLAWING, SKILL, obj::subtype, and pl::unarmed_skill.

Referenced by do_skill_attack().

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object* find_skill_by_name	(	object *	who,
		const char *	name
	)

This returns the skill pointer of the given name (the one that accumulates exp, has the level, etc).

It is presumed that the player will be needing to actually use the skill, so a skill tool will be equipped if one if found to benefit from its bonuses.

This code is basically the same as find_skill_by_number() below, but instead of a skill number, we search by the name.

Because a multiple skill names are allowed, we have to use arrays to store the intermediate results - we can't have skill_tool point to praying with skill pointing to fire magic.

Parameters

who	Player to get skill.
name	skill to find. Needs not to be a shared string. name can be a comma separated list of skill names - in that case, we will find the skill of the highest level.

Returns: pointer to skill object, or NULL if player doesn't have it.

Todo:: Maybe better selection of skill when choice of multiple skills is in use (highest level may not be the best answer?)

Definition at line 213 of file skill_util.c.

References adjust_skill_tool(), FLAG_APPLIED, FOR_INV_FINISH, FOR_INV_PREPARE, obj::level, llevError, LOG(), NUM_SKILLS, QUERY_FLAG, SKILL, skill_names, SKILL_TOOL, strdup(), strncasecmp(), and strtok_r.

Referenced by apply_special(), attempt_do_alchemy(), attempt_recipe(), book_type_apply(), cast_destruction(), cast_dust(), cast_spell(), command_addexp(), command_cast_spell(), command_rskill(), command_throw(), command_unarmed_skill(), do_skill_attack(), dragon_ability_gain(), find_best_player_hth_skill(), inscribe_scroll_cmd(), player_attack_door(), scroll_type_apply(), spellbook_type_apply(), and write_on_item().

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object* find_skill_by_number	(	object *	who,
		int	skillno
	)

This returns the skill pointer of the given name (the one that accumulates exp, has the level, etc).

It is presumed that the player will be needing to actually use the skill, so a skill tool will be equipped if one if found to benefit from its bonuses.

This code is basically the same as find_skill_by_name() above, but instead of a skill name, we search by matching number.

Parameters

who	player applying a skill.
skillno	skill subtype.

Returns: skill object if player can use it, NULL else.

Definition at line 312 of file skill_util.c.

References adjust_skill_tool(), FLAG_APPLIED, FOR_INV_FINISH, FOR_INV_PREPARE, NUM_SKILLS, QUERY_FLAG, SKILL, and SKILL_TOOL.

Referenced by find_best_player_hth_skill().

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void init_skills ( void )

This just sets up the skill_names table above.

The index into the array is set up by the subtypes.

Definition at line 67 of file skill_util.c.

References add_refcount(), add_string(), archt::clone, obj::face, first_archetype, llevError, LOG(), archt::next, NUM_SKILLS, new_face_struct::number, SKILL, obj::skill, skill_faces, skill_names, obj::subtype, and obj::type.

Referenced by init().

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int learn_skill	(	object *	pl,
		object *	scroll
	)

Player is trying to learn a skill.

Success is based on Int.

This inserts the requested skill in the player's inventory. The skill field of the scroll should have the exact name of the requested skill.

This one actually teaches the player the skill as something they can equip.

Return values

0	player already knows the skill.
1	the player learns the skill.
2	some failure.

Definition at line 749 of file skill_util.c.

References FLAG_CAN_USE_SKILL, FOR_INV_FINISH, FOR_INV_PREPARE, get_learn_spell(), give_skill_by_name(), liv::Int, obj::level, link_player_skills(), llevError, LOG(), obj::name, PREFER_LOW, QUERY_FLAG, random_roll(), SET_FLAG, SKILL, obj::skill, obj::stats, and strncasecmp().

Referenced by skillscroll_type_apply().

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void link_player_skills ( object * op )

This function goes through the player inventory and sets up the last_skills[] array in the player object.

The last_skills[] is used to more quickly lookup skills - mostly used for sending exp.

Parameters

op	player to link skills for. Must be a player.

Definition at line 112 of file skill_util.c.

References obj::contr, FOR_INV_FINISH, FOR_INV_PREPARE, pl::last_skill_exp, pl::last_skill_ob, llevError, LOG(), NUM_SKILLS, SKILL, and obj::skill.

Referenced by adjust_skill_tool(), apply_race_and_class(), become_follower(), check_login(), food_type_apply(), give_initial_items(), key_change_class(), and learn_skill().

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void show_skills	(	object *	op,
		const char *	search
	)

Displays a player's skill list, and some other non skill related info (god, max weapon improvements, item power).

This shows the amount of exp they have in the skills.

Note this function is a bit more complicated because we we want ot sort the skills before printing them. If we just dumped this as we found it, this would be a bit simpler.

Parameters

op	player wanting to examine skills.
search	optional string to restrict skills to show.

Definition at line 836 of file skill_util.c.

References clipped_percent(), obj::contr, determine_god(), draw_ext_info(), draw_ext_info_format(), obj::expmul, FMT64, FOR_INV_FINISH, FOR_INV_PREPARE, pl::item_power, obj::level, level_exp(), MAX_BUF, MSG_TYPE_SKILL, MSG_TYPE_SKILL_ERROR, MSG_TYPE_SKILL_LIST, NDI_RED, NDI_UNIQUE, NUM_SKILLS, Settings::permanent_exp_ratio, settings, SKILL, and snprintf.

Referenced by command_skills().

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void skill_attack	(	object *	tmp,
		object *	pl,
		int	dir,
		const char *	string,
		object *	skill
	)

Core routine for use when we attack using a skills system.

In essence, this code handles all skill-based attacks, ie hth, missile and melee weapons should be treated here. If an opponent is already supplied by move_player(), we move right onto do_skill_attack(), otherwise we find if an appropriate opponent exists.

This is called by move_player() and attack_hth()

Initial implementation by -bt thoma.nosp@m.s@as.nosp@m.tro.p.nosp@m.su.e.nosp@m.du

Parameters